A
WORLDWIDE
WRITERS’ WEB
PRESENTATION!
PUBLISHED
BY
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OUR
POETRY ARCHIVE
ONLINE MONTHLY POETRY JOURNAL
https://ourpoetryarchive.blogspot.com
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*************************************
A
WORLDWIDE
WRITERS’ WEB
PRESENTATION!
PUBLISHED
BY
OPA
OUR
POETRY ARCHIVE
ONLINE MONTHLY POETRY JOURNAL
https://ourpoetryarchive.blogspot.com
email us to:
*************************************
METAPHORS OF TIME
or how our understanding of the time concept is shaped by language
Time, in its sheer diversity of aspects, is a favourite motif in literature in general and poetry in particular. We talk and write day in day out about time, but, as experience shows, when it comes to defining it, we are at a loss for words. What is time, after all? The history of mankind can hardly provide a second example of a percept in which such an extensive amount of deliberation, research and presuppositions has been invested and which is nevertheless so difficult to grasp, or even, according to some opinions, non-existent.
Is time a product of our mind and as such language-dependent? Starting with Homo sapiens's cave pictures of sceneries such as hunting, copulation and birth, indicative of humans' awareness of the transience and repetition of events, up to Einstein's revolutionary theories of relativity, and later to Penrose's and Hawking's provoking theories of endless singularities and black holes, the human civilisation has continually attempted to solve the mystery of time. It goes without saying that this complex assignment cannot be the task of one discipline alone. In addition to philosophy, physics, mathematics, anthropology, sociology and others, literature, too, is required to investigate further facets of this complex assignment.
Humans' involvement with time is presumably as old as mankind itself. Earliest evidence of concern with time was found on the Tigris and Euphrates, where ancient cultures took a special interest in lunar observation, using astronomy to determine time (cf. Mainzer 2002, Chap. 1). The Sumerians, followed by the Babylonians, were the first to develop a moon-based calendar, as they lacked the necessary knowledge of the Solar System. Though their calendar is no longer in use, we still divide the year into 12 months, the day into 24 hours, the hour into 60 minutes, and the minute into 60 seconds because they used a duodecimal counting system based on number 12 (cf. Staas, 2005). While also using astronomy to investigate time, the Egyptians grounded their observations rather on the sun and the movement of stars. Accordingly, they determined a night roughly divided into 12 'hours' ('hour' being different from what we call hour today), and a year of 36 decades. Where knowledge was lacking, they recurred to mythology, in which gods like Isis and Osiris were made responsible for various celestial movements. Therefore, from the very beginning, observation data and imaginings of the mind were mingled into an amalgam of fiction and reality. Nevertheless, the Egyptian variant of time division, called the Sothic period, is the predecessor of our modern calendar (cf. Mainzer, 2002: 4).
Observation of the regularity of physical phenomena, including periodic celestial movements, as well as the everyday necessity to orientate in a certain interval or duration must have been among the premises for man's attempt to develop some devices to better approach time as main component of his existence. A detailed survey of how the concept of time evolved through centuries and millennia goes beyond the scope of this essay, so I will jump to some aspects of contemporary research in the time field as related to verbal behaviour.
One of the most assiduous scientists in this respect is Lera Boroditsky, an overt supporter of the theory of linguistic relativity. In her paper “Does Language Shape Thought?: Mandarin and English Speakers' Conceptions of Time”, she posed some fundamental questions regarding the diversity of languages, namely whether people who speak different languages think about the world differently, whether learning new languages also changes our patterns of thinking, and whether polyglots structure reality anew, according to the languages they are speaking. Before dealing with these questions empirically, Boroditsky pointed to the facts that, in spite of the sheer variety of temporal aspects across cultures, these also share common components of experience such as: each instant only occurs once, events have a beginning and an end, time is unidirectional and we cannot go back in time. On the other hand, there are other aspects of time that are not similarly tangible and which leave open queries such as: does time move horizontally or vertically, from left to right or from right to left, upwards or downwards?
Boroditsky appreciated that many answers to these questions are provided by language itself: in our verbal behaviour we very often use spatial metaphors to talk about time. We look forward to a brighter future, think ahead of our time, or fall behind schedule. Therefore we use terms from the domain of space to talk about time. Not being physically conditioned by our own experience with time, these aspects are expected to be arbitrarily shaped by different languages. The extent to which this supposition is true was investigated by Boroditsky in three experiments in which time expressions in English and Mandarin language were compared. She started with the assumption that, since Mandarin and English people talk about time differently, they, consequently, have different ways of conceiving of time. This difference in speech is rooted in the fact that the English predominantly talk about time in horizontal terms, while Mandarin commonly use vertical time descriptions. The results of Boroditsky's experiments significantly showed that the use of horizontal spatial metaphors (English) engendered the habit of thinking about time horizontally, whereas the opposite situation was revealed by the use of Mandarin. The borrowing of spatial terms to describe time is conditioned by the fact that time cannot be experienced in the same tangible way in which space is.
A great deal of time metaphors – surprising, puzzling, amusing,
instructive, provocative – is to be found in the inexhaustible source of human
wisdom provided by proverbs. Proverbs supply synchronic and diachronic
knowledge at the same time. On the one hand, they are the gradual summing up of
the experience of generations over hundreds of years, on the other hand, they
are available in quotidian use in many languages, and accessible to comparison,
analysis and evaluation. Again, diverging perspectives in various languages on
what time is or does can influence the reception of literary as well as
non-literary verbal contents. There are languages with proverbs in which time
is a healer, whereas in others it is a destroyer. It can appear as a master or
as a servant. The imagery can be amazingly powerful, like in the following
examples:
German: Die Zeit frisst Berg
und Tal,
Eisen und Stahl.
(Time devours mountain and valley,
iron and steel.)
English: Time undermines us. Time is the
rider that breaks youth.
French: Le temps tout dévore.
(Time devours everything.)
Spanish: El tiempo que todo lo
devora.
(Time devours everything.)
When we read similar time metaphors in poems written by poets from all corners of the world, can we take it for granted that the perception of these metaphors is identical or at least consistent with all readers? Further research and comparative research is needed to cast light on these and similar issues.
Now, in which way do these findings relate to Our Poetry Archive? Considering our international poetic platform as an encounter of poets from various countries and even continents, with a large variety of languages, each with its own specific features, but all translated into English, one can but marvel at the proficiency exhibited by both poets and readers in the process of writing and deciphering poetry. The human mind is a wonder of evolution.
…........................................................................................................................
Boroditsky, Lera, 2001, “Does Language Shape Thought?: Mandarin and English Speakers' Conceptions of Time”, Cognitive Psychology 43, pp. 1-22.
Mainzer, Klaus, 2002, The Little Book of TIME, transl. by Josef Eisinger, Springer-Verlag New York.
Staas, Christian, 2005, „Die Geschichte des europäischen Zeitbewusstseins: Wie das Tempo in die Welt kam“ in Zeit, das ewige Rätsel, GEOWISSEN, Nr. 36. pp. 78-93.
Zank,
Aprilia, 2013, THE WORD IN THE WORD Literary Text Reception and Lingistik
Relativity, Lit Verlag, Berlin, pp.
43-92
April Zank
Maria Miraglia
Talking With Poet
February
2023
MARIA
MIRAGLIA: When did you approach poetry?
GAURI DIXIT: I was always fond of reading. I
would read everything that came my way, Marathi, English, fiction, nonfiction,
novels, stories. Not much of poetry though. It was sometime in 2013, when I
read poems pasted by a colleague in an internal forum. I then got interested in
reading poetry and eventually writing.
MARIA MIRAGLIA: Do you think of anyone to dedicate your words
when writing?
GAURI DIXIT: I write
about life and its ironies. At times I write about love and nature. All these
poems are inspired by life experiences or observations of life. And they are
not dedicated to / inspired by any one person .
MARIA MIRAGLIA: Air, water, earth and fire. What element would
you like to be in poetic terms?
GAURI DIXIT: I would
love to be fire, for fire keeps life going even if it burns. Fire is always
true to to its nature, it does not take on any other colour like water and it
is not invisible like air. Fire is passion.
MARIA MIRAGLIA: Do you listen to music while writing? If so,
what kind?
GAURI DIXIT: When I
listen to a song, I get immersed in its meaning, I connect with the words. That
is why I only ever listen to instrumental music while writing or studying.
Birdsongs also are an inspiration for writing.
MARIA MIRAGLIA: What did you feel when you held your first
book in
the hands?
GAURI DIXIT: Pure joy
and nothing but joy 🙂
MARIA MIRAGLIA: Where does poetry come from?
GAURI DIXIT: Poetry
often comes from a dark place, a lonely corner, a dingy alley where the words
are struggling to go out into light. At times even a sunny day could produce a
poem or two. Memories are always favourite haunts of my poems and so are
ironies of life.
MARIA MIRAGLIA: Is there a time of the day when you prefer
writing?
GAURI DIXIT: Any time
that I have space and time is a good time to write poetry. Very early when
everyone else hasn’t woken up yet or very late when everyone has gone to sleep,
those are the best times to write.
MARIA MIRAGLIA: Does writing come from the heart or from the mind?
GAURI DIXIT: I would
say both. When I am trying out forms, it is always the mind / brain that
understands the mechanics and chooses words very carefully and writes. And at
rest of the times, it is always the
heart.
MARIA MIRAGLIA: What do you think of poetry and poets on the
web?
GAURI DIXIT: I would
always be grateful that I found a group on the web called The Significant
League founded by Dr Ampat Koshy that encourages and nurtures poets. This is
where I learned to read and appreciate poetry, those is where I read some good
poetry and wrote some too. Web at times becomes a distraction however, the
focus gets shifted to people’s likes and comments, genuine feedback/ critique
is neither given nor accepted. Like every other place web has its share of good
and bad poets and poetry.
MARIA MIRAGLIA: Who are your favourite contemporary poets and
why?
GAURI DIXIT: I love
the poetry by Margaret Atwood. I was deeply impacted by her long poem half
hanged Mary. Margaret Atwood wrote this poem about her ancestor, Mary Webster.
She was accused, and acquitted of witchcraft and was lynched. She survived the
attack and thus earned her name, and her freedom. I love the poetry of Dr Ampat
Koshy, unique, edgy and interesting. He is also a wonderful teacher and mentor
to many. I love Dr Santosh Bakaya for her rich vocabulary and the varied
subjects that she writes her poems about, Sunita Singh for her simple and
powerful poems, Satbir Chadha for her calm voice, Feby Joseph for his fabulous
poetry, I could go on and on and on….
************
GAURI
DIXIT is a software professional from Pune writing in
English and Marathi. Gauri’s poems have been featured in Haiku KATHA, Learning
& Creativity, Glomag, Spillwords, Narrow Road etc. Her first collection 'In
My Skin I Find Freedom' was published in 2018 for which she won Reuel
International Prize - best upcoming poet.
Poem 1
Poems in my mind
Dying a natural
death
At times not so
natural
When I strangle
them
At the risk of
suffocating myself
What will happen
If they don’t
die
Maybe I will dye
them
Pink and blue
And pass them
off
As decorations
For birthdays,
anniversaries, celebrations
And even if I
don’t dye them
They could
create good ambiance
Perfect for
funerals
Poem 2
women
sparrows
poetry
is it a mere
coincidence that the days
dedicated to
them all fall in March?
it doesn't
matter that they fall everyday.
every sparrow
that I have ever known
heard about has
been a woman;
if not a mother
nurturing, giving
the sparrow man
is no one's muse
since we are
talking about the muse,
I have to ask
you this question
have I stopped
being yours now?
you still write
about that young, nubile girl
you grope me
And then words
realizing that
you like the feel of poetry better,
you leave me
alone
what would I
have done if poetry didn't exist?
Poem 3
Love, loving,
lover
Now an ocean
Now a wolf
One day it may
be a shape you like
Another day it
may be someone you hate
Love is nothing
If not a maze
mate
Love hides
Love seeks
Love goes dumb
Love speaks
Love stumbles
Love scours
skies
Love lives
Love dies
Love is the word
That occupies
your world
You take the
beast on
Hoping that love
will tame his haughty soul
But you forget
that loving and being a lover
Have nothing to
do with each other
Poem 4
In the midst of
wilderness
A tiny bee
And I
Amidst the
hustle bustle of a cruise
Your song
And I
We dance
And dance
And dance
To our heart's
content
We leave our
feet
On a quiet beach
Making rounds in
the warm sand
While our hands
Play the piano
In a quaint
little cafe down the road
Our voices
Don't miss us
Singing loudly
to the karaoke beats
Our hearts beat
To the beloved's
bidding
Melting with the
afternoon heat
Our pieces find
their own way
Like we do
Through the maze
At the end of
the day
All of it will
come together
We will leave
this place
In one piece
Poem 5
Colours of the
parrot wings rub on my shoulders
I wait for the
wings to sprout from the green boulders
The atmosphere
is electrified with anticipation even the wind has paused
The bird is
unaware of the commotion that it has caused
Time doesn't
stop as day approaches noon
In a few hours
the Sun will set, making way for the Moon
I do not flinch,
I do not move, wings will appear soon
Hopeless
optimism has always been my boon
With rising
temperature, the green fades
Those grey
shades are definitely not the parrot's jade
Anyway, wings of
any colour are better than the green grass blades
I don't waiver,
I don't bat an eyelid, positivity I have in spades
It is dark now
all colours have gone black
Wings are
nowhere to be seen even the parrot has folded his back
For not moving
sooner I am busy giving myself flak
Not an inch of progress now who will cut me some slack
GAURI DIXIT
GAURI DIXIT: is a software professional from Pune writing in English and Marathi. Gauri’s poems have been featured in Haiku KATHA, Learning & Creativity, Glomag, Spillwords, Narrow Road etc. Her first collection 'In My Skin I Find Freedom' was published in 2018 for which she won Reuel International Prize - best upcoming poet.
Thinking About God
Since the first
questions on arche*
the search for
You
has relentlessly
exposed the yearning.
Between the
harmony of the elusive
and the
timeless, you attract
human intuitions
and become the source
of our desires.
It is your
nature to actively partake
in the
development of the world, directing
single events
towards Your Godly Ideals.
You accept the
roles of a Cosmic Poet
and a good
shepherd.
Your reality is
much different
from the
physical world.
Each attempt to
describe it shall resemble
the game of the
shadows on the walls
of Plato’s cave.
My Creator, for
me you are not
an abstract rule
or a candidate
for the obituary
in the heritage
of death-of-god
theology.
You display what
we became striving
for the creation
we could have been.
Translated By
Jakub Sajkowski
(Arche – from
Greek ἀρχή,
ethymologically means a rule, a reason, and in the presocratic philosophy it
means the primal reason of all being, the primal substace which made all things
happen; at the same time it means the basic element of reality)
Aleksandra
Sołtysiak
Spirit
Repleted with
devotion
via the quiet
torrent,
it spreads its
wings
signaling from
the depths of the continuum…
where the
cosmos’ roads part ways.
With sighs of
weakness
the age of
truth’s inaugurated
in the hour of
hunger,
sharpened in a
flash
that illuminates
the heights
of the gallery
of the universe.
Translated By Jeremy
Pomeroy
…
The mist’s brisk
shadow hinders the drops
that brush the
edges of the eye’s empty pupil;
infallible
elemental knowledge,
bounded by a
degree of uncertainty
as to the naked current
of remorse:
the ripped-out
inner lining of conscience
doesn’t double
back towards the Heavens,
yet the soul’s
vault swells to hold the glory
of an as-yet
unanswered prophecy
Translated By Jeremy
Pomeroy
ALEKSANDRA SOŁTYSIAK
ALEKSANDRA SOŁTYSIAK (Poland), a
graduate of the Catholic University of Lublin and of Jagiellonian University in
Kraków. She has served as co-editor of the poetry anthology Dotyk nadziei (“The
Touch of Hope”), which has been translated into Ukrainian and German, as well
as of the international anthology in support of world peace Zieleni się drzewo
pokoju / Poezja europejska w intencji powszechnej zgody / The tree of peace
turns green / European poetry for universal harmony, which has been translated
into Polish and English. She is also the author of Nadzieja kwitnie dłużej
(“Hope blossoms longer”) and of the published poetry volume Wysypane ze
szkatułki (“Spilled from the cases”). A finalist in the fourth International
Poetry Contest “Voices in the Wilderness”, held in Rome (2022), her poems have
been published both in Bulgaria and also in the Polish journals Akant, Poezja
dzisiaj and Migotania, as well as on the online portal Pisarze.pl. She has also
been awarded the Gold Cross of Merit by Polish president Andrzej Duda.
Shadowy Nightmare
An unknown
shadow on the wall
My cat and I are
frightened
She sees a giant
lion roaring
And I see myself
becoming Ill
We embrace each
other like little orphans
Waiting for the
dawn
To sweep away
our fear
To smother the giant
dark, shadowy
Nightmare
With its shiny
giant rays.
Into Freedom
Bird,
Tree,
Butterfly
And cloud
On the waves of
freedom
Travel.
Thought,
Word,
Love
And dream
On the waves of
freedom
Contemplate
And the man
Cannot easily
catch the wave
And freedom to
conquer.
So he sits and
waits
The right moment
Favorable wind
To sail away in
his boat
Into freedom.
Lenity
A smile across
the face
An expected
lenity
Soft touch
Of tender hands
Warm words
Melting hearts
And goodness.
Why couldn't we
all be like this?
Why not to love
each other?
Instead of being
cruel?
Why not lenity?
Why all this
harshness?
This world is
composed of opposites
Dualism of good
and bad
Light and dark
Water and blood.
Lenity is what
we need
As we need God's
love
And his embrace.
ANA STJELJA
The Planet That Doesn't Sleep At Night
The planet that
never sleeps at night
it gives stars
in people's minds
in the morning
with a new story waiting
without
withholding the multitude of details
so when light
begins to play with nature
retro shadows of
the soul wonder...
The planet does
not sleep at night
which has
massive dreams in its bosom
and it has long
been subscribed to the future
precise when
loving
practical when
she hates
chronologically the
key of the heart turns...
The planet does
not sleep at night
that believes in
ghosts and things like that
she makes a wish
list
scheduling a
meeting with the k`smet
outside the
framework of tradition
where minds with
deep intentions awaken...
All Our Linds
All our lindens
share happiness
in small steps,
spreading
fragrance through the play of the heart,
and we make fast
decisions,
with the fifth chakra we change the world
All our lindens
choose freedom
every day
then we leave
the excuses
in the forest of
consciousness,
without excess thoughts
we are waiting
behind the wild garden
All our lindens
they have a
short memory
because of our
destiny
from unusual
opportunities
and from the
greeting of souls
that drag a
traditional past
All our lindens
they are on a
mission to bring us together in mature love
without testing
the intense reality
towards an
authentic future
before the altar
of living blood
we breathe in
lindens, we breathe out recycled life
All our lindens
they smell just
like the original ones
arranged in
order of splendor on the staircase of memories
insurmountably
close to the end of reserves
while we stand
before the intuitive mirror
as a reflection
of the timid dance of life
The Robot That Could Love
The robot that
knew how to love
he knew the
language of tears - joys,
believing the
stories of other planets
and about the
Universe being a heavy literalist
while
mechanically attending the global games
different from
the artificial servants of the god Hephaestus,
the only one who
put on his owner's shoes,
serving at royal
drunken parties
where to the
mighty he was a stringed deity,
and for the
subordinates a clay statue with a soul
so when human
gestures were pegged
to dry until the
next virtual agenda,
while their
passions were out of hand,
he like an
overloaded ship in the midst of a storm
rejected all
artificial intelligence,
inventing a new
program called – love
wanting to save
the people they hate
from their
unbreakable rose-tinted egos
deeply locked in
their practicality
December, 2022
ANETA VELKOSKA
ANETA VELKOSKA: MACEDONIA. Aneta Velkoska was born in
1978. She lives and works in Macedonia. Work experience: professor, TV
journalist, librarian, writer. Winner of awards for poetry, prose, drama:
poetry book of the year, state award for essay, best drama script of a
festival, first award in the world for Esperanto culture, special award for the
traveling theater "Savages", with students, awards from the area of
education and science. Acts: What Annoys Eternity (2001), Are All Gods Romantic
(2004), First Macedonian lexicon (2004), The second love of the stone (2009),
The Giantest Dwarf and the Dwarfest Giant (2010), Bad Yin and Good Yang (2018),
Endless Frame (2019). She writes drama and film scripts. She makes creations
from natural materials. Likes mountaineering, photography, occult sciences. She
is the author of several multicultural projects.
Bicolored
I can be quiet
with the alabaster syllables
I can rattle the
silence
or adorn the
lines of destiny
with bicolored
storks
I love the
endless column
its cedar scents
but the knife
with which I sculpt the clouds
smells white as
if cutting slices
from the snow of
spotted horses
when will tiny
gods
truly start to
balance
upon the tragedy
of being an angel
for a minute as
long as an eel?
I retreat among
waves
and scatter
storms across the humble sea
where people
hear no complaints
only the slow
pedaling of lives
~
Bicolor
pot să tac cu silabele de alabastru
pot să zornăi liniștea
sau să împodobesc liniile destinului
cu berze bicolore
iubesc coloana infinitului aroma
ei de cedru
dar cuțitul cu care sculptez norii
miroase alb de parcă aș tăia felii
din zăpada cailor pagi
când vor începe cu adevărat
să se balanseze dumnezei minusculi
peste catastrofa de a fi înger
un minut lung cât un țipar?
mă retrag între valuri
și întind furtuni peste marea simplă
unde oamenii nu pot auzi proteste
doar vieți pedalând
Poem With Sea
the sea is
spilling young fish onto the shore
your smile is
hanging in the horizon like a hairpin
where are the
ice banks the hordes of lovers
the seagulls on
one leg
when the ship
capsizes?
your hands are
scattering salt
majestic time is
flowing from the green eye of the sea
I am the sand
dune
against whom the
sea grows restless
star with a
coral mane I am
ladder against
the firmament of the sky nomadic green lizard
~
Poem cu Mare
marea revarsă pe
ţărm peştii tineri
zâmbetul tău se agaţă ca o clamă de orizont
unde sunt banchizele coloniile de îndrăgostiţi
pescăruşii într-un picior
atunci când vaporul se îneacă?
mâinile tale risipesc sare
din ochiul verde al mării curge timpul regal
sunt duna de nisip
din care creşte agitaţia mării
stea cu coamă de aramă sunt
scară pe firmamentul cerului şopârlă verde
călătoare
The Ruse Of The Night
tonight
sparkling quinces are moaning on the windowsill
through the skin
of each star I see perennial shadows
time to harvest
the wine grapes
that terrible
gift of drinking must from the palms of life
as if I were or
were no longer a poet
in a world of
pets and ambrosia
in the funicular
of death
the evening bell
grazes the cathedrals
unafraid of
disturbing thistles
the city centre
alight with love bears fruit in genuine
trees
heavy buds burst
under the feet of the living
chanting an ave
maria with their secular body
in exaltation
the grapes of
autumn burst against
the great
chinese wall
surrounding the
aura of the cantaloupe city
its millenary
thirst for young poets
the old
flagstones fronting deadened statues
death’s bacchic
breath strikes the imaginary gates
of my body
giving birth among the chestnuts
to hours of
gentle words at solstice
~
Trucurile
Nopţii
noaptea asta gem
pe pervaz gutuile spumoase
prin carnaţia fiecarei stele zăresc umbrele
perpetue
ora de cules viile
harul acela teribil de a bea must din palmele
vieţii
ca şi cum ai fi sau nu ai mai fi poet
peste o lume de pet-uri şi de ambrozie
în funicularul morţii
clopotul înserării paşte printre catedrale şi
nu se sfieşte să răscolească ciulini
centrul luminat de dragoste rodeşte în pomi
adevăraţi
mugurii plini pocnesc sub paşii celor vii
care rostesc cu trupul lor laic un ave maria
pe voci înalte
strugurii
toamnelor plesnesc stropind
marele zid
chinezesc
ce înconjoară aura oraşului-cantalup
setea lui milenară de tineri poeţi
vechile pavele
din faţa statuilor amorţite
suflul bahic al morţii izbeşte porţile
imaginare
ale trupului meu ce naşte printre castane
ore de alintat vorbele la solstiţiu
ANGI CRISTEA MELANIA
ANGI
CRISTEA MELANIA Born in the city of Craiova, the poetess Angi
Cristea Melania teaches Romanian language and literature at the "Marin
Sorescu" School of Arts. She has published several volumes of poetry:
(Diz) harmony, More / Less feelings, The stones of the sun. of Pokemon, 777 of
appeals, Flori de iris / Giaggioli. He has obtained numerous awards both
nationally and internationally. European Poetry Award stand obtained in 2017 at
the "Europoezia" International Festival (Braila) "Alfredo
Pirrole" Award awarded to Trriugio, Italy at the Trriugio International
Festival (2018), received Grand Prix at the Corona Internazionale Award
festival (2018). She has published in numerous prestigious literary magazines
and is appreciated by writers and literary critics in Romania and Italy. He
received a diploma from the Romanian Embassy in Milan for special cultural
merits in promoting Romanian culture in Italy and Romanian culture in Romania